Biodiesel production requires several unique processes and technologies, each focusing to convert feedstock like vegetable oils, animal fats, or recycled greases into a sustainable fuel. The most widely used method is transesterification, where the triglycerides in the oil react with an alcohol, typically methanol or ethanol, in the presence of a a

Polymer composites reinforced with carbon nanotubes (CNTs) demonstrate significant gains in mechanical features. The incorporation of CNTs, due to their exceptional toughness, can lead to a substantial elevation in the composite's compressive strength, modulus, and impact resistance. This augmentation stems from the synergistic interaction between